1) What evidence does Dr. Shaffer provide to make the claim that addiction is an underlying syndrome and that various expressions (i.e. disordered gambling or alcoholism) are symptoms of this addiction syndrome?

2) Is addiction a disease and what evidence would suggest that it is a disease? How does addiction differ from other diseases like cancer or diabetes?

3) Why is it so difficult to understand addiction as a disease? Do you feel confident that you could describe the disease concept of addiction to someone who is not in this class?