1. “Racism” is a word that people use a lot, but in this course we’ve had the opportunity to examine it in depth. What is racism? What kind of thinking underlies it? How does it manifest itself? How do people fight against it? For this essay, don’t begin with a dictionary definition of racism. Instead develop your definition of racism by using the texts we’ve studied. What understanding of racism do they lead us to?

2. Are black folks “citizens”?