Part I: Short Essays:
answer the following Five questions with a few sentences or at most several paragraphs. There is no need to construct a formal essay with an introduction, body, and conclusion. (Do that for Part II of the exam.) Just answer each question directly as it is posed to you on the test.

1) explain at least three ways the life experiences of Thomas Aquinas influenced his philosophical ideas and his support for monarchy.

 

2) What does Machiavelli mean when he says it is better for a leader to be feared instead of loved? Be sure to support your answer with evidence from the text or renaissance Italian politics.

 

3) What does Machiavelli mean when he says that leaders need to cultivate the virtues of the fox and the lion? Be sure to support your answer with evidence from the text or renaissance Italian politics.

4) explain at least three ways the life experiences of Hobbes, Locke or Rousseau influenced their attitude toward government. (Pick one of the three philosophers to answer the question.)

 

5) How does Locke define toleration and explain why is it important for civil society and democratic governments to have it?