In a minimum of 250 words answer the questions below.

Questions:

1) The two dominant ideologies of the second half of the nineteenth century were nationalism and socialism. What were the key tenets of each ideology, and who were its leading thinkers or leaders? How did each of these ideologies change? Which of these movements seems to have been stronger?

2) Historians have called the extension of European dominance after 1882 the new imperialism. What were the key components of the new imperialism? How does the case of Egypt exemplify the transition from the old to the new form of imperialism?