Review the attached case study then answer the following two questions:

FMCSA asks that you examine how the propensity of carriers to violate HOS rules has changed following the two enforcement stages of the ELD mandate. We are interested in understanding several things:

[1]: A third argument for ELDs is that it will reduce the extent drivers have more serious HOS violations that fall within the “8 Hour Break” and “Excessive Hours” categories. Is this the case and, if so, was the magnitude of this effect similar across the different size categories?

[2]: For the General Form, Wrong Log, 8 Hour Break, and Excessive Hours categories, did carriers respond equally to the light enforcement and strict enforcement stages, or was the strict enforcement stage more influential in affecting violation rates? Furthermore, does it appear that strict enforcement played a greater role in affecting the behavior of the smaller carriers?

Use the data contained in the attached Microsoft Excel document to formulate your answers. Also, create charts and tables illustrating the data to support you answer to the two questions.