Evaluate the nature and significance of external economic relations for China and India immediately before the emergence of European sea-borne trading links from c.1500. Discuss how the economies of these regions were affected by the expanding

Findlay & O’Rourke, Power and Plenty, esp. pp. 61–71, 133–140, 145–157, 167–187.

de Zwart & van Zanden, The Origins of Globalisation, ch. 6 and 8.