Chapter 3 Cellular Level Of Organization Flashcards
________________ are major components of the plasma membrane. They are made of a polar head and a non-polar tail.
A _____________________________ is a molecule with two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone.
Protein
DNA
Phospholipid
Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins are one of the least abundant organic molecules in living systems.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT the function of proteins?
Support
Defense
Regulation
Transport
Information storage
Metabolism
Motion
_____________________ is made of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Lipid
Phospholipid
Membrane
Cell membrane
A and B
______________________is a lipid molecule with 2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate-containing group.
_______________________ separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment.
Lipid
Phospholipid bilayer
Membrane
Cell membrane
____________________ is a passive form of transport of molecules.
Diffusion
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
None of the above
_________________ occurs when a transporter is required to transport a molecule across the cell membrane without spending energy.
Diffusion
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
Passive and active transport
Choose the factor that does NOT affect the rate of diffusion.
Mass of molecules diffusing
Solubility of the molecule
Concentration gradient
Color of the molecule
__________________ is diffusion of water across the plasma membrane due to concentration differences.
In a ________ solution cell gains water; In an __________________solution cell neither gains or loses water; In a _______________ solution – cell loses water.
Hypotonic; hypertonic; isotonic
Isotonic; hypotonic; hypertonic
Hypotonic; isotonic; hypertonic
Hypertonic; isotonic; hypotonic
______________ is a passive transport of water.
Osmosis
Diffusion
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Which solutions are the blood cells in? select the words below:
Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic
_______________ is the entire region of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope.
Cytoplasm
Nucleoplasm
Sarcoplasm
None of the above
_________________ are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Nucleus
cytoplasm
_________________ are called the powerhouse of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
mitochondria
2 important functions of cytoskeletons are:
________________
________________
_________________ houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins.
Vocabulary
A selectively permeable membrane Diffusion
Concentration Osmosis
Fill in the blanks for the following 8 questions. Words may be used more than once.
refers to the amount of a substance in a given space.
is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
osmosis
allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out.
Membrane
Selective membrane
Plasma membrane
Nuclear membrane
is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
Water diffusion
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
moves wastes from inside of a cell to outside a cell.
can be compared to a window screen.
happens when water particles move from a place where their concentration is higher to a place where their concentration is lower.
__________________ is diffusion of water across the plasma membrane due to concentration differences.
______________ is a passive transport of water.
_________________ works against concentration (electrochemical) gradients using ATP (energy).
_________________ occurs when large amount of fluid or particles are brought
Large transport
Huge transport
Passive transport
Active transport
Bulk transport
_______________ occurs if the bulk transport carries the molecule into the cell by vacuole formation.
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Exocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis
_______________ occurs when vesicles form around a liquid or around very small particles and take it into the cell.
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Exocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Chapter 4 Tissues flashcard questions
_____________ is group of cells with common function.
Organelle
Organ
Tissue
Cellulose
________________ tissue covers the body; lines hollow organs, ducts, and cavities; forms glands
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
blood
________________ tissue protects and supports; binds organs; stores energy as fat; forms
blood.
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Blood
nervous
________________ tissue specialized for contraction, forms 3 types of muscle in the body; produces heat.
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Blood
nervous
________________ tissue detect/respond to changes in environment through electrical signaling.
Connective
Muscle
Blood
Nervous
_______________tissue membranes: compose organ linings and synovial membranes that make up synovial cavities.
Synovial
Connective
Epithelial
None of the above
___________ secrete mucous for protection, lubrication, etc.
All epithelia attached to basal _____________________.
Epithelial tissue is
Avascular
Vascular
Partly vascular, partly avascular
Has only lymphatic fluid
Basement membrane is a thin, protein based extracellular layer deep to the epithelium.
True
false
______________ epithelium is one layer, all cells attached to basement.
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified cuboidal
Simple columnar
______________ epithelium is 2+ layers, deepest attached to basement.
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified cuboidal
pseudostratified
______________ epithelium is simple but appears stratified.
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified cuboidal
pseudostratified
______________ epithelial cells are thin and flat; material passes easily.
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified cuboidal
pseudostratified
______________ epithelial cells are cube shaped, some with microvilli or cilia.
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified cuboidal
pseudostratified
______________ epithelial cells are column shaped, with microvilli or cilia.
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified columnar
pseudostratified
______________secrete substances into ducts, onto surfaces, or into the blood.
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified columnar
Simple columnar
_____________ glands secrete hormones directly to the blood.
Endocrine
Exocrine
Hypo
Hyper
None of the above
Endocrine glands don’t have ducts.
True
False
The matrix of a connective tissue may be liquid, semi-solid, or solid
True
False
Cells in connective tissue are widely separated
True
False
Extracellular matrix is non-living, makes most of the tissue and is composed of protein fibers and ground substance
True
False
Blood, adipose tissue and cartilage are examples of connective tissue.
True
False
_________________ connective tissue is very densely packed, has Fewer cells present, made of mostly collagen fibers/ fibroblasts. Tendons, pericardium, periosteum, heart valves are example of this kind of connective tissue.
_______________ connective tissue has compact and spongy types. The basic unit of this tissue is called osteon.
Spongy bone is filled with red bone marrow.
True
False
________________ is a connective tissue with liquid matrix and made of plasma and some dissolve substance.
__________________ is a connective tissue with liquid matrix with fewer dissolved proteins. It is a component of the immune system and filters fluid and returns it to blood.
Nervous tissue has 2 kinds of cells: _____________ and ________________.
_________________ convert stimuli to electrical impulses. They are excitable.
________________ support and hold neurons together.
3 parts of neurons: _________________, ________________ and _____________.
____________ of a neuron receive information from other sources.
___________ of a neuron contains the nucleus and other organelles.
___________ of a neuron are single, long processes that send impulses out.
