Final Exam Study Guide Chapters 4, 6 -10

Chapter 4 Energy and Metabolism
Key Terms:
activation energy
active site
active transport
coenzymes
cofactors
diffusion
electron transfer chain endocytosis
energy exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
feedback inhibition
first law of thermodynamics
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
metabolic pathway
osmosis passive transport
phagocytosis
phosphorylations
potential energy
products
reactants
second law of thermodynamics
substrates
turgor pressure

Explain the relationship between reactants and products
Describe why chemical bonds hold energy (potential and kinetic)
Use the first and second laws of thermodynamics to explain energy available to do work
What is activation energy and how do cells store and retrieve energy from organic molecules?
Identify the function and aspects of enzymes within metabolic pathways
What is enzyme specificity?
Describe the metabolic pathways and mechanisms that regulate them.
Identify some of the environmental effects on enzyme activity.
How do cells use electron transport chains?
What is ATP?
Compare and contrast the processes and cellular mechanisms of substance movement across cell membranes
Diffusion and factors that influence rate and direction of diffusion
Concentration gradient
Selective permeability in terms of lipid bilayers
Osmosis and turgor pressure in cells
Solution Concentrations (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic)
The purpose of transport proteins
Passive and Active Transport (ATP)
Endocytosis and Exocytosis