1500 words+
Write only in reference and relation to the mentioned work. Please expand upon the thoughts of the topics below about Medieval Spain as that is the focus. You may include, for example: analysis of a particular historical, event, figure or situation, that reflections on a topic below, questions about what you have not understood, reflections on possible historical and cultural repercussions of the events or intellectual movements or advances that we have read about, etc. You can incorporate anything you wish just as long as it is pertinent to the topics below.

Topic 1: The role or importance of geography in the development of Spanish society or history. The historical importance of the geography of the country or a certain region, etc.

After reading the introductory chapter I have learned that “Europe ends in the Pyrenees” as the second largest country in Europe has gone through periods of isolation throughout history. In fact, it was not until 1492 that Spain was considered “finis terrae”. Africa and Spain have a rich history as Spain has colonized in North Africa and off its coasts. Also, due to its proximity to Africa, there is more diversity than previously imagined, as well as the religions practiced. It is fascinating that the country is surrounded by three bodies of water: the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the Iberian Peninsula. The amount of historical languages ​​that can be spoken in Spain is incredible. In conclusion, I would love to experience the olive oil of Andalusia,

Topic 2: Discuss one of the contributions of one of the peoples (Phoenicians, Iberians, Romans, etc.) of the Iberian Peninsula in the times covered in this chapter.

I found the contributions of the Phoenicians during the Bronze Age fascinating. They were famous for the crops they grew, but what I found captivating was their innovative terraced farming system. They were also very talented hunters by land and sea. Due to their great dexterity and craftsmanship, they hunted the ocean in astonishingly well-crafted designer boats. I also learned more by watching videos on youtube. I think it is quite regrettable that Alexander the Great caused the dissolution of what seemed like a wonderful society.

Topic 3: Many historians affirm that the medieval period in Spain was a period of well-being and peaceful coexistence. Do you agree with this statement? Comment why or why not.

I would not necessarily say that it was a time of peaceful coexistence. As there were still holy clashes between the respective religious groups. This period was perhaps friendlier when you compare it to other times. However, with the Reconquest, I remember El Cid fighting against and alongside the moores. That said, the Middle Ages was a time of cultural understanding through the influence on art and the spread of the Spanish language.

Topic 4: A factor that united or had in common the “Three cultures” of medieval Spain

The three prominent cultures of medieval Spain: Christians, Jews, and Muslims shared something in common in the practice of religion. What is interesting is how the three religions treated each other. Christian monasteries became landowners, monopolizing them and employing peasants to tend their lands. Jews who were prosperous in commerce and banking would be humiliated and forced into poverty and exile. Muslims ruled society with unequal rationality, relating non-Muslims to second-class citizens.

Topic 5: Discuss one of the factors that motivated medieval Spanish Christians to form a united Spain.

The greater freedom of the two kings led to the creation of a more established system of state government. A sense of greed and abuse with an emphasis on religion on the part of Christians. It would motivate an exclusively Christian united Spain. A religious rebellion through protest would upset the two kings and give Moors and Jews the ultimatum to accept Christianity or leave Spain.

Topic 6: How does Christopher Columbus present the image of the indigenous

Christopher Columbus presents his discovery of the indigenous as a pure fable to face the reality of a less than anticipated discovery of the new territories. Hoping to discover far more riches than what was actually discovered, he sends a letter to the kings explicitly writing about false wealth to keep in their good favor. However, it does mention some truths, such as that the land is beautifully abundant and excellent for building such buildings and villas. In addition the indigenous’ lack of skill in combat.

Topic 7: Discuss one of the beliefs or conditions that motivated or facilitated (one could also say “forced”) the Spanish to explore and subsequent colonization of the New World.

The shameless foreign policy of Carlos I and the conflict with the neighboring nations of Spain led to the difficult situation of power through expansion. The religions of Catholicism and Protestants caused friction between nations as European nations became stronger in their independence. As a result of the wars, the Spanish economy was in danger. A reconquest of riches such as precious metals were considered necessary to keep the Spanish competitive with other European nations.